The responsibility of a woman after her husband’s death encompasses various aspects, particularly in financial matters. In the context of marital life, financial responsibilities are shared between the husband and the wife. Islam has outlined the rights and obligations of both men and women in marital life. The fundamental duty of a woman is to obey her husband, be submissive, and safeguard his home, wealth, honor, and dignity. If there are children, she should raise them according to Islamic teachings and strive to make them good Muslims. While Islam permits a woman to work if her husband allows, the primary financial burden of providing for the wife and children lies with the husband.
Now, in a scenario where a woman, who is financially dependent on her husband, faces his demise, who is responsible for her and her children’s expenses? Can she find a means of earning a livelihood to support herself and her children, and if so, what are the permissible options?
The inheritance system in Islam ensures a balance between the financial responsibilities of men and women. A man’s primary responsibility is to provide for his wife and children, including their maintenance and living expenses. Taking care of parents is the second priority, followed by financial support for sisters and other female relatives. In the case of widowed sisters, aunts, or grandmothers with no means of income, providing financial assistance is also obligatory. If a woman is financially stable and wishes to support her husband willingly, it is a commendable act but not obligatory.
Now, if a woman finds herself widowed without any source of income, can she resort to unlawful means to support herself and her children? The answer is that she cannot engage in any prohibited activities. Consuming haram (forbidden) earnings is only permissible if one is facing a life-threatening situation, and abstaining from it would lead to death. In normal circumstances, choosing halal (permissible) alternatives is the ethical approach.
Instead of resorting to illegal activities, a widow should strive to find lawful means to earn a living. She can work, engage in trade, or create handmade items for sale. Allah has provided halal opportunities for sustenance, and everyone, regardless of their financial situation, can seek lawful ways to earn a living. Having faith in Allah, fearing Him, and having a keen desire for the meeting in the Hereafter should guide one’s choices.
It’s essential to acknowledge that both lawful and unlawful means of earning exist in society. A widow should choose the halal path, even if it means earning less, and maintain a strong connection with Allah. The fear of Allah and the desire for a righteous afterlife should guide one’s decisions.
Moreover, society, government, and stakeholders should support and encourage such households. Efforts should be made to provide employment opportunities and support socially, ensuring that these families do not feel marginalized. Scholars, leaders, and authorities should identify such households, encourage them to enter into lawful marriages, and provide support at various levels. This holistic approach will contribute to a society where no one feels deprived.